
World Glaucoma Day has been a great success. So how could we make it better? In many countries, having World Glaucoma Day on a weekend reduced its impact and the potential for broad community involvement. To accommodate everybody’s needs and to maximize global and local awareness efforts the WGA and WGPA decided to extend the World Glaucoma Day into a “World Glaucoma Week”. It will always include March 12 (the old World Glaucoma Day), but now we have the opportunity to include activities that cannot fall on that day.
T
he next World Glaucoma Weeks will be March 11-17, 2012.
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause progressive damage of the optic nerve at the point where it leaves the eye to carry visual information to the brain.
If left untreated, most types of glaucoma progress (without warning nor obvious symptoms to the patient) towards gradually worsening visual damage and may lead to blindness. Once incurred, visual damage is mostly irreversible, and this has led to glaucoma being described as the “silent blinding disease” or the “sneak thief of sight”.
Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. It is estimated that 4.5 million persons globally are blind due to glaucoma1 and that this number will rise to 11.2 million by 20202. It is noteworthy that due to the silent progression of the disease – at least in its early stages – up to 50% of affected persons in the developed countries are not even aware of having glaucoma3. This number may rise to 90% in underdeveloped parts of the world.
There are several types of glaucoma. Some may occur as a complication of other visual disorders (the so-called “secondary” glaucoma’s) but the vast majority is “primary”, i.e. they occur without a known cause. It was once believed that the cause of most or all glaucoma’s was high pressure within the eye (known as interocular pressure – sometimes abbreviated as IOP). It is now established however, that even people without an abnormally high IOP may suffer from glaucoma. Interocular pressure is considered therefore today as a “Risk Factor” for glaucoma, together with other factors such as racial ancestry, family history, high myopia and age.
Some forms of glaucoma may occur at birth (“congenital”) or during infancy and childhood (“juvenile”); in most cases however, glaucoma appears after the 4th decade of life, and its frequency increases with age. There is no clearly established difference in glaucoma incidence between men and women.
The most common types of adult-onset glaucoma are Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) – a form most frequently encountered in patients of Caucasian and African ancestry – and Angle-Closure Glaucoma (ACG), which is the more common in patients of Asian ancestry. Angle-Closure Glaucoma is often chronic, like POAG, but can sometimes be acute, in which case it usually presents as a very painful ocular condition leading to rapid vision loss.
There is no cure for glaucoma as yet, and vision loss is irreversible. However medication or surgery (traditional or laser) can halt or slow-down any further vision loss. Therefore early detection is essential to limiting visual impairment and preventing the progression towards severe visual handicap or blindness. Your eye-care professional can detect glaucoma in its early stages and advise you on the best course of action.

Not every person with increased eye pressure will develop Glaucoma.
Whether you develop glaucoma depends on the level of pressure your optic nerve can tolerate without being damaged.
THIS LEVEL IS DIFFERENT FOR EACH PERSON!
Glaucoma can develop without increased eye pressure. (this form of glaucoma is called low-tension or normal-tension glaucoma, this is a type of open angled glaucoma.
- African Americans over the age of 40
- Everyone over the age of 60, especially Mexican Americans
- People with a family history of Glaucoma
At first open-angled glaucoma has no symptoms, it causes no pain vision stays normal. Glaucoma can develop in one or both eyes.
Glaucoma is detected through a comprehensive dilated eye exam that includes.
- Visual acuity test
- Visual field test
- Dilated eye exam
- Tonometry
In England, about 480 000 people have chronic open-angle glaucoma.

You can find more information on glaucoma by following our links.